GCSE Biology Quiz

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1. What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not. B) Eukaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, unlike prokaryotic cells. C) Prokaryotic cells are generally simpler and do not have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells are more complex with a nucleus. D) Both cell types have identical structures but differ in size.

2. Approximately how long would the DNA in a single human cell stretch if unwound?

A) 2 centimeters B) 20 meters C) 2 meters D) 200 meters

3. How does an electron microscope differ from a light microscope?

A) It uses ultraviolet light instead of visible light. B) It uses electrons instead of light to achieve higher magnification and detail. C) It is smaller in size and less powerful than a light microscope. D) It cannot be used to view cell structures.

4. What are the primary functions of the human digestive and circulatory systems, respectively?

A) Transport oxygen; break down food using enzymes. B) Break down food using enzymes; transport oxygenated blood throughout the body. C) Produce hormones; regulate body temperature. D) Store energy; filter waste products from the blood.

5. Which of the following correctly lists the three lines of defense in the human immune system?

A) Physical barriers, antibodies, vaccines. B) Skin and chemical barriers; phagocytes attacking invaders; lymphocytes and antibodies targeting specific pathogens. C) Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets. D) Heart, lungs, liver.

6. How are DNA and genes organized within cells, and what is the role of Punnett squares?

A) DNA is free-floating in the cytoplasm; Punnett squares determine cell division rates. B) DNA is organized into chromosomes containing many genes; Punnett squares predict the probability of inheriting specific traits. C) Genes are located outside the DNA; Punnett squares measure DNA length. D) DNA and genes are not related; Punnett squares are used in protein synthesis.

7. What are the main steps of protein synthesis?

A) Replication and transcription. B) Transcription and translation. C) Translation and replication. D) Mutation and transcription.

8. What does Darwin’s finches example illustrate about his theory of evolution by natural selection?

A) Finches do not evolve over time. B) Different beak shapes adapted to specific food sources demonstrate adaptation and diversity. C) All finches have identical beak shapes regardless of their environment. D) Finches evolved from eukaryotic cells.

9. How is biotechnology used in genetic engineering with the insulin example?

A) By cloning humans to produce insulin. B) By inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria, turning them into factories that produce insulin. C) By removing insulin from plants and using it for medical purposes. D) By using stem cells to generate insulin in the body.

10. What are stem cells, and why are they important in medicine?

A) Specialized cells that cannot change; they have limited medical use. B) Undifferentiated cells that can become any cell type, important for repairing damaged tissues and treating diseases. C) Cells that make up the skin; they are important for protecting the body. D) Cells found only in plants; they are used in genetic engineering.